Building a new computer can be a rewarding experience that gives you a deeper understanding of how computers work, while also allowing you to customize your machine to fit your specific needs. Whether you’re building a gaming rig, a workstation, or a general-purpose computer, this guide aims to provide you with a detailed, step-by-step walkthrough to make the process as straightforward as possible.

Preparation

Purpose and Budget

Determine the primary use for the new computer (e.g., gaming, video editing, general use) and set a budget. This will guide your component selection. A budget can range anywhere from $500 – $2000, it’s about what you need, how comfortable you are with spending, and what you plan to use the computer for. 90% of builders should aim for a $1000 mark.

Components List

Make sure you have all the components:

• Case
• Motherboard
• Processor (CPU)
• Graphics Card (GPU) (if not integrated into the CPU)
• Memory (RAM)
• Storage (SSD, HDD)
• Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• Cooling (fans, heatsinks, thermal paste)
• Monitor, keyboard, and mouse

Tools Needed

• Screwdriver (Phillips head)
• Thermal paste (often included with the CPU cooler)

Assembly Steps

Case Preparation

1. Open the Case: Remove the side panels by unscrewing the screws usually found on the back edge of the case. Keep these screws as you’ll need them to reattach the panels.
2. Preparation: Lay the case on its side on a non-static surface, preferably on a table where you can easily reach all parts of the case. Ensure that all cable routes are clear, and take note of where the standoffs and other mounting points are.

Motherboard Installation

1. Install Standoffs: Identify the mounting holes on your motherboard and match them with the holes in the case. Screw the brass standoffs into these holes in the case. These standoffs ensure that the motherboard doesn’t touch the case, preventing any electrical shorts.
2. Place Motherboard: Carefully lower the motherboard onto the standoffs, aligning the mounting holes with the standoffs.
3. Screw in Motherboard: Using the screws that came with your case or motherboard, secure the motherboard onto the standoffs. Do not overtighten the screws; a snug fit is sufficient.

Processor (CPU) Installation

1. Open CPU Socket: Locate the CPU socket on the motherboard. Lift the lever to open the socket latch.
2. Insert CPU: Hold the CPU by its edges and align the marking on one corner of the CPU with the corresponding marking on the socket. Gently lower the CPU into place. It should fit easily and should not require force.
3. Close CPU Socket: Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place. This may require a bit of force but ensure that the CPU is properly aligned to prevent damaging any pins.

Memory (RAM) Installation

1. Open RAM Slots: On the motherboard, locate the RAM slots and open the latches on either end.
2. Insert RAM: Align the notch on the RAM module with the corresponding notch in the slot. Firmly press down on the module until the latches click into place, securing the RAM.

Graphics Card Installation

1. Open PCIe Slot: Identify an available PCIe slot and remove the rear case bracket that corresponds to that slot. Save the screw for securing the graphics card.
2. Insert GPU: Align the GPU’s connector with the PCIe slot and gently but firmly push it in until it clicks. Use the saved screw to secure the card to the case.

Storage and Drives

1. Insert Drives: Locate the drive bays in your case. Slide your HDD or SSD into an empty bay and secure it with screws or tool-less latches, depending on your case’s design.
2. Connect Cables: Connect a SATA data cable from the motherboard to each drive, and connect a SATA power cable from the power supply to each drive.

Power Supply and Cables

1. Place PSU: Insert the power supply unit (PSU) into its designated compartment, usually at the bottom or top of the case. Secure it using the screws that came with the PSU or case.
2. Connect Cables: Attach the 24-pin motherboard power cable, the 4 or 8-pin CPU power cable, any necessary GPU power cables, and the SATA power cables for your drives. Make sure to route the cables neatly to improve airflow.

Cooling

1. Apply Thermal Paste: If your cooler didn’t come with pre-applied thermal paste, put a pea-sized amount of thermal paste onto the center of the CPU.
2. Attach Cooler: Align the cooler with the mounting holes around the CPU socket. If it has locking pins, press down until they click. If it has screws, use a cross-pattern to tighten them for even pressure.
3. Connect Fans: Plug the cooling fan connectors into the 3 or 4-pin fan headers on the motherboard. These are usually labeled “SYS_FAN,” “CPU_FAN,” etc.

System Check and Boot

1. Check Connections: Ensure all components are securely connected.
2. Initial Boot: Connect the monitor, keyboard, and mouse, then turn on the power. Check for any BIOS errors.

Installing the Operating System

1. Insert Bootable USB or DVD: Insert the installation media for your chosen OS.
2. Follow Installation Steps: Boot the computer and follow the on-screen instructions to install the OS.

FAQ

Q: My computer won’t boot; what do I do?

A: Double-check all connections, ensure the PSU switch is on, and try again. If problems persist, create a post on the Qwerty Questions forums.

Q: Can I use my old hard drive in my new build?

A: Yes, but make sure to back up important data and consider a fresh OS installation for optimal performance.